<< YCBA Home Yale Center for British Art Yale Center for British Art << YCBA Home

YCBA Collections Search

Search Constraints

Start Over
You searched for:

Image Use Under Certain Circumstances

Remove constraint Image Use: Under Certain Circumstances

Classification Books

Remove constraint Classification: Books

Search Results

De Houtsneden van Mansion's Ovide moralise, Bruges 1484 /
De Houtsneden van Mansion's Ovide moralise, Bruges 1484
1922
Ferrariis, Albertus de, active 15th century. Tabula composita a domino Alberto de Ferrariis utriusq[ue] iuris doctore de placentia super infra scripto opusculo. De horis canonicis.
Ferrariis, Albertus de, active 15th century
Tabula composita a domino Alberto de Ferrariis utriusq[ue] iuris doctore de placentia super infra scripto opusculo. De horis canonicis
of Paderborn],
[Chronicles of England with the Fruit of times].
[Chronicles of England with the Fruit of times]
[1485 or 1486]
Alberti, Leon Battista, 1404-1472. Leonis Baptiste Alberti De re aedificatoria incipit.
Alberti, Leon Battista, 1404–1472
Leonis Baptiste Alberti De re aedificatoria incipit
anno Salutis millesimo octavagesimo quinto, quarto chalendas Ianuarius [29 December 1485]
Joannes Jacobi, -1384. Tractatus de regimine pestilentico domini Kamiti episcopi Arusien[sis] ciuitat[is] regni dacie artis medicine exp[er]tissimi professoris finem habet.
Joannes Jacobi, -1384
Tractatus de regimine pestilentico domini Kamiti episcopi Arusien[sis] ciuitat[is] regni dacie artis medicine exp[er]tissimi professoris finem habet
[1486 or 1487]
Vitruvius Pollio. L. Victruuii Pollionis ad Cesarem Augustum De architectura liber primus.
Vitruvius Pollio
L. Victruuii Pollionis ad Cesarem Augustum De architectura liber primus
1486 or 7]
Ptolemy, active 2nd century. Great Britain.
Ptolemy, active 2nd century
Great Britain
1486
Breydenbach, Bernhard von, approximately 1440-1497. Prefatio in opus transmarine peregrinationis ad venerandu[m] et gloriosum sepulcru[m] Dominicu[m] in Iherusale[m] ...
Breydenbach, Bernhard von, approximately 1440–1497
Prefatio in opus transmarine peregrinationis ad venerandu[m] et gloriosum sepulcru[m] Dominicu[m] in Iherusale[m] ..
anno salutis 1486 die xj Februarij
Frontinus, Sextus Julius. Sexti Iulii Frontini uiri consularis De aquis que in urbem influunt : libellus mirabilis.
Frontinus, Sextus Julius
Sexti Iulii Frontini uiri consularis De aquis que in urbem influunt : libellus mirabilis
1486 or 7?]
Berners, Juliana, b. 1388? The boke of Saint Albans,
Berners, Juliana, b. 1388?
The boke of Saint Albans,
1881
Wotton, Johannes. Incipit liber qui vocatur Speculu Xpristiani.
Wotton, Johannes
Incipit liber qui vocatur Speculu Xpristiani
[1486?]
Ferrières, Henri de, fl. 1377. Cy commance le livre du roy Modus et de la royne Racio :
Ferrières, Henri de, fl. 1377
Cy commance le livre du roy Modus et de la royne Racio
[20 Oct. 1486]
Berners, Juliana, b. 1388? English hawking and hunting in the Boke of St. Albans :
Berners, Juliana, b. 1388?
English hawking and hunting in the Boke of St. Albans
1975
Mandeville, John, Sir. Iohannes von Monteuilla, Ritter.
Mandeville, John, Sir
Iohannes von Monteuilla, Ritter
1488
Homer. Hē tou Homērou poiēsis hapasa.
Homer
Hē tou Homērou poiēsis hapasa
[9 December 1488, i.e. not before 13 January 1488/9]
Thuróczy, János, approximately 1435- Prefatio magistri iohannis de thwrocz :
Thuróczy, János, approximately 1435–
Prefatio magistri iohannis de thwrocz
[3 June 1488]
Roye, Guy de, Abp., ca. 1345-1409. That this is writen in this lytel boke ought the prestes to lerne and teche to theyr parysshes :
Roye, Guy de, Abp., ca. 1345–1409
That this is writen in this lytel boke ought the prestes to lerne and teche to theyr parysshes
7 May 1489
Christine, de Pisan, approximately 1364-approximately 1431. Here begynneth the table of the rubryshys of the boke of the fayt of armes and of chyualrye :
Christine, de Pisan, approximately 1364–approximately 1431
Here begynneth the table of the rubryshys of the boke of the fayt of armes and of chyualrye
14 July 1489]
Virgil, author. Here fynyssheth the boke yf [sic] Eneydos /
Virgil
Here fynyssheth the boke yf [sic] Eneydos
[not before 23 June 1490]
Wir Vitus probst dess etwirdigen gotzhauss Sant Michel's zu[m] Ulm bey den Wenge[n] Sant Augustins ordens Costentzer Bistumps vn[d] gemainer Conuent da selbst Embieten ...
Wir Vitus probst dess etwirdigen gotzhauss Sant Michel's zu[m] Ulm bey den Wenge[n] Sant Augustins ordens Costentzer Bistumps vn[d] gemainer Conuent da selbst Embieten ..
[1490]
Statham, Nicholas, -1472 author. [Abridgement of cases]
Statham, Nicholas, -1472
[Abridgement of cases]
[1490?]
Ketham, Joannes de, active 15th century. Der Fasciculus medicinae des Johannes de Ketham, Alemannus :
Ketham, Joannes de, active 15th century
Der Fasciculus medicinae des Johannes de Ketham, Alemannus
1923
Raymond, of Capua, 1330-1399. Here begynneth the lyf of Saint Katherin of Senis the Blessid Virgin.
Raymond, of Capua, 1330–1399
Here begynneth the lyf of Saint Katherin of Senis the Blessid Virgin
[1492?]
Jacobus Philippus, Bergomensis, 1434-1520, author. Supplementum chronicharum.
Jacobus Philippus, Bergomensis, 1434–1520
Supplementum chronicharum
anno a natiuitate D[omi]ni Mcccclxxxxij. die decimoquinto Februarij [1493]
Riche and pore have like cu[m]mynge into this worlde & lyke outgoying but their liuyng in this worlde is unlike :
Riche and pore have like cu[m]mynge into this worlde & lyke outgoying but their liuyng in this worlde is unlike
5 July 1493
Schedel, Hartmann, 1440-1514. Registrum huius operis libri cronicarum cu[m] figuris et ÿmagi[ni]bus ab inicio mu[n]di.
Schedel, Hartmann, 1440–1514
Registrum huius operis libri cronicarum cu[m] figuris et ÿmagi[ni]bus ab inicio mu[n]di
duodecima mensis Iulij anno salutis n[ost]r[a]e. 1493
Hilton, Walter, -1396. Scala perfecc[i]onis.
Hilton, Walter, -1396
Scala perfecc[i]onis
1494]
Loblich vnd nutzbarlich buchelein von des sterben wie ein itzlich cristen mensch.[?] recht yn warem cristen glauben sterben.
Loblich vnd nutzbarlich buchelein von des sterben wie ein itzlich cristen mensch.[?] recht yn warem cristen glauben sterben
1494]
Hee sunt quindecem collecte siue orationes illi[us] p[rae]clarissime virginis b[ea]te Birgitte.
Hee sunt quindecem collecte siue orationes illi[us] p[rae]clarissime virginis b[ea]te Birgitte
ca. 1495]
Bartholomaeus, Anglicus, active 13th century. Bartholomeu[s] de proprietatib[us] re[rum].
Bartholomaeus, Anglicus, active 13th century
Bartholomeu[s] de proprietatib[us] re[rum]
[approximately 1495]
Sulpitius Verulanus, Joannes, active 15th century. De arte grammatica, sive, De octo partibus orationis.
Sulpitius Verulanus, Joannes, active 15th century
De arte grammatica, sive, De octo partibus orationis
[circa 1495]
Vitas patrum.
Vitas patrum
the yere of Our Lorde MCCCClxxxxv ... [1495]
Higden, Ranulf, -1364, author. Policronicon.
Higden, Ranulf, -1364
Policronicon
ended the thyrtenth daye of Apryll the tenth yere of the regne of kyng Harry the seuenth. And of the incarnacyon of our lord: MCCCC lxxxxv [13 April 1495]
Savonarola, Girolamo, 1452-1498, author. Libro di Frate Hieronymo da Ferrara della semplicita della vita christiana /
Savonarola, Girolamo, 1452–1498
Libro di Frate Hieronymo da Ferrara della semplicita della vita christiana
adi ultimo doctobre MCCCCLXXXXVI [1496 October 31]
Polo, Marco, 1254-1323? author. Marco Polo Venetiano :
Polo, Marco, 1254–1323?
Marco Polo Venetiano
1555
Co[n]iurationes demonum.
Co[n]iurationes demonum
1496-1498]
Polo, Marco, 1254-1323? author. Marco Polo Venetiano :
Polo, Marco, 1254–1323?
Marco Polo Venetiano
[1555]
Diues & pauper.
Diues & pauper
3 Dec. 1496
Here begynneth a shorte & a breue table on these Cronycles ...
Here begynneth a shorte & a breue table on these Cronycles ..
and newely in the ye[a]r of Our Lord God 1497 ..
Malory, Thomas, Sir, active 15th century. The noble & joyous boke entytled Le Morte Darthur :
Malory, Thomas, Sir, active 15th century
The noble & joyous boke entytled Le Morte Darthur
1934
Great Britain. Abbreuiamentum statuto[rum].
Great Britain
Abbreuiamentum statuto[rum]
9 Oct. 1499
England. Noua statuta.
England
Noua statuta
[1500 or 1501]
Foresti, Jacobo Filippo, da Bergamo, 1434-1520. Nouissime historiaru[m] omniu[m] repercussiones /
Foresti, Jacobo Filippo, da Bergamo, 1434–1520
Nouissime historiaru[m] omniu[m] repercussiones
1503
Jacobus, de Voragine, approximately 1229-1298. [Here begynneth the legende named in latyn Legenda aurea, that is to saye in Englysse the golden legende].
Jacobus, de Voragine, approximately 1229–1298
[Here begynneth the legende named in latyn Legenda aurea, that is to saye in Englysse the golden legende]
16 Feb. 1503 [i.e. 1504]
Ptolemy, active 2nd century. In hoc opere haec continentur Geographiae Cl. Ptolemaei a plurimis uiris utriusq[ue] linguae doctiss. eme[n]data, & cu[m] archetypo Graeco ab ipsis collata /
Ptolemy, active 2nd century
In hoc opere haec continentur Geographiae Cl. Ptolemaei a plurimis uiris utriusq[ue] linguae doctiss. eme[n]data, & cu[m] archetypo Graeco ab ipsis collata
anno Virginei partus 1508
Brant, Sebastian, 1458-1521. Stultifera nauis.
Brant, Sebastian, 1458–1521
Stultifera nauis
1509 (14 Dec.)]
Brant, Sebastian, 1458-1521. Stultifera Nauis, :
Brant, Sebastian, 1458–1521
Stultifera Nauis,
[1570]
Pacioli, Luca, approximately 1445-1517, author. Diuina proportione :
Pacioli, Luca, approximately 1445–1517
Diuina proportione
anno redemptionis nostre MDVIIII Klen. Iunii [1509 June 1]
Intrationu[m] excellentissimus liber :
Intrationu[m] excellentissimus liber
anno n[ost]re redemptionis, MCCCCCx, die vero vltima mensis Februarii [1510 February 28]
Hayton, Frère, approximately 1235-approximately 1314, author. Here begynneth a lytell cronycle /
Hayton, Frère, approximately 1235–approximately 1314
Here begynneth a lytell cronycle
[approximately 1520?]
López, Juan, 1440-1496, author. De libertate ecclesiastica :
López, Juan, 1440–1496
De libertate ecclesiastica
Varthema, Lodovico de, active 15th century, author. Ludouici patritii Romani nouum itinerarium Aethiopiae, Aegipti, utriusque Arabiae, Persidis, Siriae, ac Indiae, intra et extra Gangem.
Varthema, Lodovico de, active 15th century
Ludouici patritii Romani nouum itinerarium Aethiopiae, Aegipti, utriusque Arabiae, Persidis, Siriae, ac Indiae, intra et extra Gangem
[1511]
Vegetius Renatus, Flavius. Vegecivs De re miltari /
Vegetius Renatus, Flavius
Vegecivs De re miltari
[1511 or 1512?]
Jacobus, de Voragine, approximately 1229-1298. [The legende named in latyn Legenda aurea that is to say in englysshe the golden legende].
Jacobus, de Voragine, approximately 1229–1298
[The legende named in latyn Legenda aurea that is to say in englysshe the golden legende]
15 Feb. 1512
Itinerarium prouinciarum omniu[m] Antonini Augusti :
Itinerarium prouinciarum omniu[m] Antonini Augusti
[1512]
Tabula libri assisaru[m] & pl[ac]itorum corone.
Tabula libri assisaru[m] & pl[ac]itorum corone
[1514?]
Whittington, Robert, -approximately 1560, author. De heteroclitis no[min]ibus.
Whittington, Robert, -approximately 1560
De heteroclitis no[min]ibus
[1515?]
Schöner, Johann, 1477-1547, author. Luculentissima quaeda[m] terrae totius descriptio :
Schöner, Johann, 1477–1547
Luculentissima quaeda[m] terrae totius descriptio
anno Domini 1515
Savonarola, Girolamo, 1452-1498. Libro di Frate Hieronymo da Ferrare ... :
Savonarola, Girolamo, 1452–1498
Libro di Frate Hieronymo da Ferrare ...
1516
Whittington, Robert, -approximately 1560. Whittintoni editio secunda. :
Whittington, Robert, -approximately 1560
Whittintoni editio secunda.
[1517?]
Crescenzi, Pietro de', approximately 1233-approximately 1320. De agricultura vulgare /
Crescenzi, Pietro de', approximately 1233–approximately 1320
De agricultura vulgare
die nono mẽsis Iulii anno dñi M.D.XIX [9 July 1519]
Rycharde Rolle hermyte of Hampull in his contemplacyons of the drede and loue of god
Rycharde Rolle hermyte of Hampull in his contemplacyons of the drede and loue of god
[1519?]
Catholic Church. Pope (1513-1521 : Leo X) Frater Philippus Mulart decretorum doctor sacri et apostolici hospitalis sancti Spiritus in Saxia de vrbe Romana ...
Catholic Church. Pope (1513–1521 : Leo X)
Frater Philippus Mulart decretorum doctor sacri et apostolici hospitalis sancti Spiritus in Saxia de vrbe Romana ..
[1519]
Here endeth this presente Cronycle of Englande with the fruyte of tymes, compyled in a boke, & also impry[n]ted by one sumtyme scole mayster of Seynt Albons ...
Here endeth this presente Cronycle of Englande with the fruyte of tymes, compyled in a boke, & also impry[n]ted by one sumtyme scole mayster of Seynt Albons ..
in the yere of oure lorde god MCCCCC and xx [1520]
Whittington, Robert, -approximately 1560, author. Praeterita verbo[rum] :
Whittington, Robert, -approximately 1560
Praeterita verbo[rum]
xxi. supra ses[qui]millesimu[m] nostr[ae] redemptionis anno [1521]
Whittington, Robert, -approximately 1560, author. Syntaxis :
Whittington, Robert, -approximately 1560
Syntaxis
Christi ab incarnatione, anno. xxi. supra sesquimillesimu[m] Men. Noue[m] [1521]
Whittington, Robert, -approximately 1560, author. Syntaxis :
Whittington, Robert, -approximately 1560
Syntaxis
anno .xx. supra sesquimillesimu[m] Ibib[us] [sic] Marcij [15 March 1520, i.e. 1521]
Whittington, Robert, -approximately 1560, author. Grammatices primae partis liber primus Roberti W. L.L. nuperrime recognitus. De nominum generibus. :
Whittington, Robert, -approximately 1560
Grammatices primae partis liber primus Roberti W. L.L. nuperrime recognitus. De nominum generibus.
vicesimo primo verbi Incarnati supra sesquimillessimum anno. Idibus Iunij [1521]
Whittington, Robert, -approximately 1560, author. Roberti Whitintoni L. Secunda grammatic[ae] pars de syllabaru[m] quantitate, acce[n]tu :
Whittington, Robert, -approximately 1560
Roberti Whitintoni L. Secunda grammatic[ae] pars de syllabaru[m] quantitate, acce[n]tu
vicesimo primo supra sesquimillesimu[m] nostrae salutis anno [1521]
Tunstall, Cuthbert, 1474-1559, author. De arte supputandi libri quattuor Cutheberti Tonstalli.
Tunstall, Cuthbert, 1474–1559
De arte supputandi libri quattuor Cutheberti Tonstalli
Anno Verbi incarnati, MDXXII, pridie idus Octobris [1522 October 14]
Stanbridge, John, 1463-1510, author. Accidentia ex Sta[n]brigiana editione nuper recognita et castigata lima Roberti Whitintoni Lichfeldiensis in florentissimna dromensi academia laureati.
Stanbridge, John, 1463–1510
Accidentia ex Sta[n]brigiana editione nuper recognita et castigata lima Roberti Whitintoni Lichfeldiensis in florentissimna dromensi academia laureati
anno d[omi]ni MDxxii [1522]
Maximilian, of Transylvania, active 1522. De Moluccis insulis :
Maximilian, of Transylvania, active 1522
De Moluccis insulis
Anno uirginei partus. MDXXIII mense Ianuario [1523]
Fitzherbert, John, d. 1531. Here begynneth a ryght frutefull mater and hath to name the boke of surueyeng and improume[n]tes.
Fitzherbert, John, d. 1531
Here begynneth a ryght frutefull mater and hath to name the boke of surueyeng and improume[n]tes
1523
Sallust, 86 B.C.-34 B.C., author. Here begynneth the famous cronycle of the warre which the Romayns had agaynst Iugurth vsurper of the kyngdome of Numidy /
Sallust, 86 B.C.-34 B.C.
Here begynneth the famous cronycle of the warre which the Romayns had agaynst Iugurth vsurper of the kyngdome of Numidy
[1523 or 1524?]
Whittington, Robert, -approximately 1560. Grammaticae Whitintonianae liber secundus de nominum declinatione :
Whittington, Robert, -approximately 1560
Grammaticae Whitintonianae liber secundus de nominum declinatione
anno virginei partus, vicesimo tertio, supra sesquimillesimum, Mense Decembri [1523]
Whittington, Robert, -approximately 1560, author. Pr[a]eterita verborum :
Whittington, Robert, -approximately 1560
Pr[a]eterita verborum
xxiiij. supra sesquimillesimu[m] nostr[a]e redemptionis anno [1524]
Kettenbach, Heinrich von, fl. 1522. Eyne predigt auff den achten Sutag nach de Pfingstag uber das Evangelion Mattei am VII :
Kettenbach, Heinrich von, fl. 1522
Eyne predigt auff den achten Sutag nach de Pfingstag uber das Evangelion Mattei am VII
1525
Münzer, Thomas, approximately 1490-1525. Eyn schrecklicht Geschicht vnd Gericht Gottes /
Münzer, Thomas, approximately 1490–1525
Eyn schrecklicht Geschicht vnd Gericht Gottes
1525]
Ortus vocabuloru[m] :
Ortus vocabuloru[m]
1528
Castiglione, Baldassarre, conte, 1478-1529. Il libro del cortegiano /
Castiglione, Baldassarre, conte, 1478–1529
Il libro del cortegiano
nell'anno 1528 del mese d'aprile
Fl. Vegetii Renati viri illustris De re militari libri quatuor.
Fl. Vegetii Renati viri illustris De re militari libri quatuor
Anno M.D.XXXII. [1532] decimo Kalendas Septembres
Ziegler, Jacob, 1480-1549. Quae intus continentur. :
Ziegler, Jacob, 1480–1549
Quae intus continentur.
MDXXXII. [1532]
Schöner, Johann, 1477-1547, author. Globi stelliferi, sive Sphaerae stellarum fixaru[m] usus, & explicationes, quibus quicquid de primo mobili demonstrari solet, id uniuersum prope continetur, directionum aute[m] ipsarum quas uocant, ratio accuratiss. est exposita /
Schöner, Johann, 1477–1547
Globi stelliferi, sive Sphaerae stellarum fixaru[m] usus, & explicationes, quibus quicquid de primo mobili demonstrari solet, id uniuersum prope continetur, directionum aute[m] ipsarum quas uocant, ratio accuratiss. est exposita
1533
Vegetius Renatus, Flavius. Flauij Vegetij Renati, Vier bücher der Ritterschafft :
Vegetius Renatus, Flavius
Flauij Vegetij Renati, Vier bücher der Ritterschafft
Vollendet am xvij.tag Nouembris, Jm[m] Jar M.D.XXXIIII [1534]
Maximilian, of Transylvania, active 1522. Il viaggio fatto da gli Spagniuoli a torno a'l mondo :
Maximilian, of Transylvania, active 1522
Il viaggio fatto da gli Spagniuoli a torno a'l mondo
MDXXXVI [1536]
Giovanni, da Pian del Carpine, Archbishop of Antivari, -1252, author. Opera diletteuole da intendere, nella qual si contiene doi itinerarij in Tartaria :
Giovanni, da Pian del Carpine, Archbishop of Antivari, -1252
Opera diletteuole da intendere, nella qual si contiene doi itinerarij in Tartaria
Ne l'anno del Signore, MDXXXVII Adi 17 Ottobrio [1537]
Geminus, Thomas, -1562, editor, engraver. Compendiosa totius anatomie delineatio aere exarata /
Geminus, Thomas, -1562
Compendiosa totius anatomie delineatio aere exarata
anno Domini, 1545, mense Octobri
Ryff, Walther Hermann, -1548. Der furnembsten, notwendigsten, der gantzen Architectur angehörigen mathematischen vnd mechanischen Künst, eygentlicher Bericht, vnd vast klare, verstendliche Vnterrichtung :
Ryff, Walther Hermann, -1548
Der furnembsten, notwendigsten, der gantzen Architectur angehörigen mathematischen vnd mechanischen Künst, eygentlicher Bericht, vnd vast klare, verstendliche Vnterrichtung
Anno 1547
The iust reckenyng, or, Accompt of the whole nomber of the yeares :
The iust reckenyng, or, Accompt of the whole nomber of the yeares
1547
Zwingli, Ulrich, 1484-1531. A short pathwaye to the ryghte and true vnderstanding of the holye & sacred scriptures /
Zwingli, Ulrich, 1484–1531
A short pathwaye to the ryghte and true vnderstanding of the holye & sacred scriptures
1550
Aelianus, Tacticus, active 2nd century. Aeliani De militaribus ordinibus instituendis more Graecorum /
Aelianus, Tacticus, active 2nd century
Aeliani De militaribus ordinibus instituendis more Graecorum
MDLII [1552]
Sachs, Hans, 1494-1576. Das vntrew Spiel :
Sachs, Hans, 1494–1576
Das vntrew Spiel
[ca. 1553]
Musculus, Andreas, 1514-1581. Vom Hosen Teuffel.
Musculus, Andreas, 1514–1581
Vom Hosen Teuffel
1555
Nouus orbis regionum ac insularum veteribus incognitarum :
Nouus orbis regionum ac insularum veteribus incognitarum
1555
More, Thomas, Saint, 1478-1535, author. A frutefull pleasaunt, and wittie worke of the beste state of a publique weale, & of the new yle, called Utopia /
More, Thomas, Saint, 1478–1535
A frutefull pleasaunt, and wittie worke of the beste state of a publique weale, & of the new yle, called Utopia
MCMXXIX [1929]
Fernández de Oviedo y Valdés, Gonzalo, 1478-1557. L'histoire naturelle et generalle des Indes, isles, et terre ferme de la grand mer oceane /
Fernández de Oviedo y Valdés, Gonzalo, 1478–1557
L'histoire naturelle et generalle des Indes, isles, et terre ferme de la grand mer oceane
1556
Dolce, Lodovico, 1508-1568. Dialogo della pittvra
Dolce, Lodovico, 1508–1568
Dialogo della pittvra
1557
Goltzius, Hubert, 1526-1583. Le vive imagini di tvtti qvasi gl'imperatori,
Goltzius, Hubert, 1526–1583
Le vive imagini di tvtti qvasi gl'imperatori,
1557
Münster, Sebastian, 1489-1552. Cosmographiae uniuersalis :
Münster, Sebastian, 1489–1552
Cosmographiae uniuersalis
[1559]
Androuet du Cerceau, Jacques, active 1549-1584, author. De architectura Iacobi Androuetii du Cerceau, opus :
Androuet du Cerceau, Jacques, active 1549–1584
De architectura Iacobi Androuetii du Cerceau, opus
1559